This white paper explores India’s evolving role in global lung cancer research, highlighting the country’s substantial disease burden, regulatory reforms, and expanding trial infrastructure. It examines the readiness of India’s clinical research ecosystem to support complex oncology trials, with insights into operational capabilities, mapped trial-ready centres, and the impact of the National Cancer Grid. The paper details advances in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) research, the adoption of biomarker-driven trial design, and IQVIA’s global-local collaboration model. Clinical trial sponsors will find a comprehensive overview of India’s opportunities and challenges in accelerating access to innovative therapies for lung cancer